II. 代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí):(參見(jiàn)“代詞”部分)
1. 不定代詞"each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the other(+單名)"等常作單數(shù)用。它們所修飾的主語(yǔ)也作單數(shù)。e.g.
(1)Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每個(gè)女孩都有頂新帽子。
(2)Neither plan suits me .(3)Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 兩個(gè)計(jì)劃都不適合我。
2. 下列復(fù)合不定代詞一般作單數(shù)用:“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。e.g.
(1)Is everybody here ? 都到齊了嗎?
(2)There was nothing special then. 那時(shí)沒(méi)什么特別情況。
3. 下列不定代詞作復(fù)數(shù)用:“(a)few ,many ,several, both”等。e.g.
(1)Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 沒(méi)幾個(gè)(客人)是我們熟識(shí)的。
(2)Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 兩部影片都有趣。
4. 下列代詞須視其“具體所指”來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù):
1)“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
(1)Who is your brother ?你兄弟是誰(shuí)?
(2)Who are League Members .哪些是團(tuán)員?
2)"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等。e.g.
(1)All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的學(xué)生)都在用功。
(2)All (of the paint ) is fine .(這些油漆)都很好。
3)"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的)",等。e.g.
(1)Half of the apples are bad .蘋(píng)果中有一半是壞的。
(2)Half of the apple is bad .這只蘋(píng)果壞了一半。
Ⅲ.“數(shù)詞”、“數(shù)量、單位”等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí):
1. 表示“運(yùn)算”的數(shù)詞通常作單數(shù) 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表“時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量衡”等的詞語(yǔ),作“整體”看時(shí)作單數(shù)用,側(cè)重指“若干單位”時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.
(1)Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光陰,彈指一揮間。
(2)Twenty years have passed since he left . 他離開(kāi)已二十個(gè)年頭了。
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)”通常依其“具體所指”來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.
(1)About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 這些書(shū)中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。
(2)Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (許多)/ a varlety of (各式各樣) "+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,常作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.
(1)A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 這個(gè)班有不少同學(xué)來(lái)自四川。
(2)There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。
但是,“the number(數(shù)目)/ the variety(種類(lèi))”+ of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,作單數(shù)。e.g.
(1)The number of students in this college has doubled . 這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)翻了一番。
(2)The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 這家商店貨物品種豐富。