1）一般式表示與主語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：

Hearing the news， he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there， they found the boy dead.一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

典型例題

The secretary worked late into the night， ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing. 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2）完成時(shí)表示先于主語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。例如：

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。

分詞作時(shí)間狀語，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done.

Having finished his homework， he went out. 做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。

=As he had finished his homework， he went out.

典型例題

___ a reply， he decided to write again.

A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C.該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply， he decided to write again.