★He won’t be back until January.

He won’t be back until January.他到一月份才回來。

Until 表示“一直到…時為止”，后接短語或時間狀語從句。在否定句中，可譯成“直到…時才…”，until 和till 一樣，可互用。例如：

I’ll stay here until tomorrow.

我要在這兒等到明天。

I’ll study tonight until it is eleven o’clock.

今晚我要學到十一點鐘。

I didn’t understand until you tell me.

直到你告訴我才明白。

Stay here and wait for me till I come back.

呆在這兒等著我回來。

★Is she very unhappy without me?

Is she very unhappy without me?我不在她是否不愉快。

Without…是一介詞，表示“沒有…的情況下”,常用來表示伴隨情況，假設等。例如：

I can’t do it well without your help.

沒有你的幫助我就干不好。

We could do nothing without light.

沒有電，我們什么也干不成。

He went out without a word.

他一句話也沒說就出去了。

★Everybody here is busy getting ready for it.

Everybody here is busy getting ready for it.在這兒大家都為圣誕節做準備。

Be busy doing表示“忙于做……”，也可以寫成be busy with …，后接名詞。例如：

The students are busy cleaning the classroom.

學生正忙于打掃教室。

Are you busy with the homework?

你在忙作業嗎？

★Have you heard from him?

Have you heard from him?你收到過他的信嗎？

hear from …表示“收到…的信”，相當于have a letter from him .例如：

I heard from him last week.

我上周收到他一封信。

I haven’t heard from him since he left.

只從他走后，我沒收到他的信。

I had a letter from my sister.

我收到我妹妹的一封信。