1. 學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句要注意哪些
Was it in this palace ______ the emperor died?
A. that B. in which C. in whereD. which
此題應(yīng)選A。這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
It is [was]＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其它部分
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shopyesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shopyesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the bookyesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語in this shop)
另外注意以下兩點(diǎn)：
1. 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時, 可以用who代that；但是當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時通常不宜用which來代that(盡管有人用which, 但很不常見, 考試時應(yīng)避免), 另外當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時間或地點(diǎn)狀語時, 一般也不宜用when / where代that(尤其是當(dāng)這些狀語為介詞短語時)。
2. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分除了是名詞、代詞、介詞短語等之外, 也可以是從句(但通常不能是由 since, as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句或由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)：
It was because he loved my money that he marriedme. 他是因?yàn)閻畚业腻X才同我結(jié)了婚。
It was when he was about to go to bed that thetelephone rang. 電話鈴響時, 他剛好要上床睡覺。
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問形式
Who was ______ that stole the bike?
A. it B. that C. he D. this
此題應(yīng)選A。這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式, 做這類題考生最容易出錯的在于不能識別這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。比較：
a. It was Mary that said that. (對Mary提問)
→ Who was it that said that?
b. It was in 1949 that he joined the Party. (對 in1949 提問)
→ When was it that he joined the Party?
請做以下各題：
1. Who was it ______ put so many large stones onthe road?
A. thisB. thatC. heD. she
2. What was it _____ he lost on the bus the daybefore yesterday?
A. thisB. thatC. whatD. when
3. When was _____ that the general manager leftfor Japan?
A. heB. itC. thatD. since
4. Why was _____ that the old woman was sent toprison?
A. heB. itC. thatD. because
5. What a silly mistake it is _____ you’ve made!
A. itB. this C. thatD. which
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C
3. 這不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句嗎
It might have been John ______ bought a new book for Mary yesterday.
A. whatB. sinceC. that D. then
此題應(yīng)選 C。此題的難點(diǎn)在于考生看不出這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型, 因?yàn)橹骶涞闹^語動詞be采用了mighthave been這一復(fù)雜形式。此句若改為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 則可以是：
John might have bought a new book for Maryyesterday. 約翰昨天可能給瑪麗買了一本新書。
將此句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語), 則可以有兩種形式：
a. It is John that might have bought a new book
for Mary yesterday.
b. It might have been John that bought a new book
for Mary yesterday.
又如：
It must be a girl that wrote the letter. 寫這封信的一定是個女孩。
It might be yesterday that he left for Beijing. 他可能是昨天去北京的。
Can it be Jim that has stolen the money? 偷錢的會是吉姆嗎?
It may be next week that he leaves for Paris. 他可能是下個星期去巴黎。
It might have been her boyfriend that bought so nice a handbag for her. 給她買那樣好看一個手提 包的可能是她的男朋友。
4. 你會將not...until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型嗎
It was not ______ he took off his dark glasses ______ I realized he was a famous singer.
A. when, that B. until, thatC. until, whenD. when, then
此題選B。考察not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu), 其基本句型為：
It is (was) not until(時間狀語)that(不用否定)
他妻子走了之后他才來。
正：He didn’t come until his wife left.
正：It was not until his wife left that he came.
直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
正：They didn’t start until the rain stopped.
正：It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
請做以下各題：
1. It was not until midnight ______ the noise ofthe street stopped.
A. thatB. this C. sinceD. at which
2. It was not ___1920 ___ regular radio broadcastbegan.
A. for, thatB. until, that
C. for, when D. until, when
3. It was not _____ you had explained how _____ Imanaged to do it.
A. for, thatB. until, that
C. for, when D. until, when
答案：1. A 2. B 3. B
5. It is...that通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些成分
It was a teacher that she ______.
A. wasB. seemedC. looked D. married
此題應(yīng)選D。從句意上看似乎4個選項(xiàng)都行, 其實(shí)這里只能填D。因?yàn)樘預(yù), B, C 中的任意一個選項(xiàng), 都會導(dǎo)致句中的 a teacher成為表語, 然而按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句句法規(guī)則, It is...that這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)表語的。一般說來, 以下成分不能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分：
1. 表語：
她很美。
正：She is beautiful.
誤：It is beautiful she is.
他是醫(yī)生。
正：He is a doctor.
誤：It is a doctor that he is.
但是賓語補(bǔ)足語卻可以用作被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分：
他們選他擔(dān)任主席。
正：They elected him chairman.
正：It was chairman that they elected him.
2. since, as原因狀語從句(但because從句卻可以)：
他不能來是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
正：It is because he is ill that he can’t come.
誤：It is since[as] he’s ill that he can’t come.
3. although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：
雖然累了, 但他還是去了。
正：He went although he was tired.
誤：It was although he was tired that he went.
6. 這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句嗎
It was 9 o’clock ______ he came back last night.
A. that B. when C. since D. this
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選A, 誤認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。假若這里填that, 構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型, 那么被強(qiáng)調(diào)的 9 o’clock 是什么成分呢(注意它不能作狀語)?但是若在 9 o’clock 前加一個介詞(at, after, before等), 則可以填that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
試比較：
It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他回來時是10點(diǎn)鐘。
It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10點(diǎn)過后回來的。
It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10點(diǎn)前回來的。
以上分析告訴我們, 上題填that不對(除非 9 o’clock前有介詞)。那么填 when 又作何解釋呢? 本題填when, 全句構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句, 其中的when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(意為“當(dāng)……的時候”), 全句意為：當(dāng)他回來時, 時間是晚上9點(diǎn)。
再請比較：
1. a. It is autumn when leaves fall. 當(dāng)樹葉落的時 候就是秋天了。
b. It is in autumn that leaves fall. 樹在秋天落 葉。
2. a. It was lunchtime when he called. 當(dāng)他來訪時, 已是吃中飯的時候。
b. It was at lunchtime that he called. 他是在吃 中飯的時候來訪的。
