1950s 20世紀50年代

study hard and move forward every day 好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上

Mao Zedong wrote to honor an 8-year-old boy, Chen Yongkang, who helped police catch a spy in Suzhou, in 1951. Mao asked all kids to study hard to do a better job for the country. Banners with this slogan could be seen in almost every classroom。

1951年，蘇州市一名8歲小學(xué)生陳永康幫助警察捉住了一名特務(wù)。事后，毛澤東主席為他題詞"好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上"作為獎勵。毛主席希望每個孩子都能好好學(xué)習(xí)，將來為祖國貢獻自己的力量。寫著這句標語的橫幅幾乎掛滿了中國的每間教室。

food coupon 糧票

This allowed people to get certain food supplies under the planned economy. Low agricultural production meant insufficient food supplies and a quota system and the coupons were a means of distribution. The quota system lasted to the early 90s. The tickets are now the stuff of collectors。

計劃經(jīng)濟體制下，糧票是人們購買某些糧食的必備憑證。較低的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出導(dǎo)致了食物供給的短缺和定額分配制度，而糧票恰恰解決了這一分配問題。這種定額分配制度一直持續(xù)到90年代早期。如今，它們已經(jīng)成了收藏者們的摯愛。

1960s 20世紀60年代

quotations from Chairman Mao 毛主席語錄

Practically everyone has heard of the Little Red Book. This collection of quotations from Mao Zedong’s speeches and writings was published from 1964 until about 1976. People had to remember lines and use them to guide their thoughts. The title Little Red Book was coined by Westerners because of the red cover and pocket-book size.

幾乎所有人都聽說過《紅寶書》。1964年至1976年，人們從毛澤東的演講和著作中摘選部分內(nèi)容制成語錄并出版發(fā)行。人們被要求背誦其中的語句，并以此來指導(dǎo)他們的思想。西方人根據(jù)該書紅色的書皮和口袋書的大小將其命名為 "Little Red Book"。

Red Guard 紅衛(wèi)兵

Basically middle-school and college students during the "Cultural Revolution" that Chairman Mao allowed to act as revolutionaries. In primary schools, Little Red Guards replaced the Young Pioneers. The "Gang of Four" used Red Guards to challenge authority. They were a key cause of social disorder, but their reign ended in 1978.

在文化大革命時期，幾乎所有的中學(xué)生和大學(xué)生都是革命的"紅衛(wèi)兵"。在小學(xué)，小紅衛(wèi)兵替代了少先隊員。"四人幫"利用紅衛(wèi)兵來挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威。他們是導(dǎo)致社會動亂的主要原因。1978年，"四人幫"終于被徹底粉碎，紅衛(wèi)兵也不復(fù)存在。