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在初中英語中，主要有三大從句，即賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句(包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等)。
在初中英語中的定語從句僅限于限制性定于從句，但對初中生來說，定語從句既是一個重點，也是一個難點。
今天奇速君整理了關于定語從句的知識，便于同學們學習/復習并鞏固。
定語從句
定義
要學定語從句，得知道什么是定語。定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的。例如，a good book, good就是定語。那么復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句就叫做定語從句。定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，相當于形容詞，在句中作定語。
句型結構
英語從句中的句型結構比較復雜，有先行詞、關系代詞或關系副詞。
被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行詞 定語從句昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。
引導定語從句的關聯詞稱為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等，絕對沒有what;關系副詞有where, when, why,how等。
關系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的某個成分。I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (主語)先行詞 關系代詞我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。
The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(賓語)先行詞 關系代詞我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定語)先行詞 關系代詞那個是他的母親，名叫琳達·布朗。
That is the house where my father used to live.(狀語)先行詞 關系副詞那是我父親曾經居住過的房子。
關系代詞或關系副詞的具體用法
1. who指人(也可用that)，在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。如：
Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. (主語)昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(賓語) 王先生就是今天早上你在動物里遇到的那個人。注意：關系代詞who指人,作賓語時，可用whom代替;作賓語時，關系代詞可省略。作其它成分，關系代詞則不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作定語。The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.其母親生病的那個男孩今天呆在家里照顧她。I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是紅色的故事書。
3. which指物(也可用that)，在定語從句中作主語，也可作賓語。如：Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主語)足球是被大多數男孩喜歡的運動。I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (同位語我不相信湯姆贏得這場比賽的消息。
關系代詞whom, which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞與定語從句之間。
That is the place in which I lived for five years.=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.那就是我住過五年的地方。Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.張先生就是我正在找的那個人。
注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for.(正確)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking.(錯誤)
2. 若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時用which，不能用that; (1) the man with whom you talked is my friend.(正確) (2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend.(正確)(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (正確) (4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (錯誤)
3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞 (1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
解答"介詞+關系代詞 "類型的定語從句題時，關鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞(該動詞是不及物動詞)習慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學們在平時學習時要注重某些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，并要靈活運用。
例如：in the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help.a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom簡析:本題定語從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構成固定短語"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助)"。所以，d是正確選項。
需要注意的問題
1. 先行詞是地點時，如果該先行詞做了定語從句的主語或賓語時，關系代詞用that或which. 如：
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.(the school 作了介詞in的賓語。)我過去曾經學習的那所學校變得越來越好了。先行詞是地點時，如果該先行詞不作定語從句的主語或賓語時，關系代詞用where. 如：The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.事故發生的那個地方離我們學校不遠。(定語從句中的動詞happened是不及物動詞，它不跟賓語，而the accident又作了定語從句的主語，因此該定語從句既不需要主語，也不需要賓語。)
2.只用that，不用which的情況。(1)前有序數詞修飾時。This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.這是我收到的第十個生日禮物。(2)前有形容詞最高級修飾時。That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.那是我曾經看過最令人興奮的比賽。(3)先行詞是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時。All that he told me is true. 他告訴我的一切是真實的。(4)先行詞被the only修飾時。The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的東西就是一支鋼筆。(5)先行詞既指人，又指物時。We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.我們談論了我們感興趣的人和事。
3. 只用which，不用that的情況。(1)定語從句是物時，定語從句由“介詞+關系代詞which”引導。The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.老師正在談論的那件事非常重要。(2)先行詞本身是that, those時What’s that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飛的那是什么?
