1. 指示代詞的基本用法

指示代詞包括this, that, these, those等，它們?cè)诰渲屑瓤捎米鞔~，也可用作形容詞。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，this, these表“近指”，，而that, those則“遠(yuǎn)指”。

2. 指示代詞指上文還是指下文

指上文提到的事多用that，有時(shí)用this，指下文的事只能用this。如：

—He was nearly drowned once.

—When was ________?

—________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This

答案是A。指上文提到的事多用that，it指時(shí)間。

3. 電話用語(yǔ)中的指示代詞

在電話用語(yǔ)中指自己用this，指對(duì)方用that，不用I或you。如：

“Who’s that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是瑪麗。”

4. 指示代詞受定語(yǔ)從句的修飾

指示代詞that, those后可接定語(yǔ)從句，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，that后接which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，those后接who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據(jù)說(shuō)唯一真實(shí)的知識(shí)是可以檢驗(yàn)的知識(shí)。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些預(yù)先訂票的人可以進(jìn)去。

5. 指示代詞用作替代詞

that, those有時(shí)可用作替代詞，用以替代前面提到過(guò)的人或事物。如：

My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市長(zhǎng)座位旁邊。

Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 紅色光線的波長(zhǎng)約為藍(lán)色波長(zhǎng)的兩倍。