在《詞序不同，句義有異》一文里，談到“形似義異”的句子。這里要從句型的變化來看句義的不同。最后還要看看同一個句子，卻有兩個意思。

先看句型不同，句義有別的句子。

① We/watched/ the sunset.

② We/watched/the sun/set.

①里的句型是“主語+動詞+賓語”。②里的句型是“主語+動詞+ 賓語+不帶’to’的不定式動詞”。①的意思是“某人看某事”;② 的意思是“某人看某事發生”。

③ Tom/ is/ going to play.

④ Tom/ is going/ to school.

③的句型是“主語+動詞+補足語”。④里的句型是“主語+動詞+ 副詞短語”。③的意思是“湯姆將要去玩耍”。④的意思是“湯姆在去學校途中”。

⑤ The cow/ is used/ to do the farm work.

⑥ The cow/ is/ used to doing the farm work.

⑤是被動語態(the passive voice);⑥是主動語態(the active voice)。⑤的句型是“主語+助動詞+過去分詞+不定式動詞短語”。

⑥的句型是“主語+動詞+補足語”。注意⑥的補足語(the complement)是個形容詞短語“used to”，意思是“習慣于”，如：

⑦ Are you used to eating in a canteen?

⑧ Some people are not used to living in a foreign land.

最后來看看一些“一句二義”的句子：

⑨ All schools here have trained teachers.

a. All schools here HAVE TRAINED teachers.

b. All schools here have TRAINED teachers.

(a)指的是“在訓練教師”;(b)指的是“有受過訓練的教師”。

⑩ Mr Li is a Chinese dress tailor.

a. Mr Li is a CHINESE dress tailor.

b. Mr Li is a CHINESE DRESS tailor.

(a)里的“李先生是個華籍裁縫師”;(b)里的“李先生是個華人服裝的裁縫師”。

(11) Jenny doesn’t have a single companion.

a. Jenny doesn’t have A SINGLE companion.

b. Jenny doesn’t have a SINGLE companion.

(a)里的“珍妮連一個同伴都沒有”;(b)里的“珍妮沒有未婚的同伴”。

(12) It is good news that his wife is expecting.

這句話蘊涵著兩個意思：

(a)“他太太在等待的是個好消息”;(b)“有個好消息，就是他太太快生產了”。

(a)和(b)的不同根源于“that his wife is expecting”這句話。它可以是形容詞從句(the adjective clause)，也可以是名詞從句(the noun clause)。

根據(a)的語義，所需的是個形容詞從句。根據(b)的意思，需要的是充當同位語的名詞從句(the noun clause as the noun in apposition)。

下面這個“that…… small”名詞從句也是名詞“The fact”的同位語;

(13) The fact that our country is small is undeniable.