主語和謂語是句子的核心,它們有兩種語序: 主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序(Natural Order);主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序(Inverted Order),目的是為了強調突出或結構平衡。倒裝句通常出現在正式文體中。
倒裝語序分為:完全倒裝、部分倒裝。今天,我們來說說完全倒裝。
完全倒裝又稱“全部倒裝”,是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前,主要有以下幾種情況:
1. 將表示地點的介詞短語放在句首時,句子需要全部倒裝:
樓前有個葡萄園。
自然語序:A vineyard is in front of the building.
倒裝語序:In front of the building is a vineyard.
游行的人沿街而行。
The marchers walked down the street.
Down the street walked the marchers.
我的學校隔壁是一家醫院。
A hospital is next to my school.
Next to my school is a hospital.
2. 在以 there/here 引導的句子,后面的主語和謂語要全部倒裝:
在海邊住著一位老漁夫。
There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
鈴響了!
There goes the bell!
公共汽車來了。
Here comes the bus.
您的雨傘和外套在這里。
Here is your umbrella and your coat.
注意:主語是代詞時不能倒裝。
Here you are. 給你。
There it is. 它在那兒呢。
3. 以down,up,in,out,here, away,off , over等副詞開頭的句子,后面的主語和謂語要全部倒裝:
法官坐了下去,開始審問那個殺人犯。
The judge sat down and began to question the murderer.
Down sat the judge and began to question the murderer.
小偷跑了出去。
The thief ran out.
Out ran the thief.
門開了,進來一個警察。
The door opened, a policeman came in.
The door opened, in came a policeman.
賽跑選手們跑遠了。
The runners went away.
Away went the runners.
以上就是倒裝句的基本知識點,希望對同學們有所裨益。