主謂一致指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間在"人稱"和"數(shù)"方面的一致關(guān)系，又叫"主動(dòng)一致"。處理主謂一致關(guān)系必須遵循：語法一致，意義一致，毗鄰一致三條原則。例如：
Two girls were standing on the corner.(語法一致)
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.(意義一致)
Either my brothers or my father is coming.(毗鄰一致)
本文著重討論英語中what分句、關(guān)系分句、分裂句和存在句中的主謂一致等問題。
1.what 分句的主謂一致
what 引導(dǎo)的分句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1)如果what分句指的是抽象概念或某一具體事物，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：
What is beautiful is not always good.漂亮的并不總是好的。
What he said just now seems untrue.他剛才說的似乎不是真的。
What the boy wants is a toy car.這孩子想要的是一輛玩具車。
2)如果what分句指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的東西或者what=those things which，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
What I want to buy are fish and chicken.我想要買的是魚和肉。
What are often regarded as poisonous
fungi are sometimes safely edible.一些常認(rèn)為有毒的菌類有時(shí)都可以放心地食用。
2.關(guān)系分句中主謂一致
關(guān)系分句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，謂
語動(dòng)詞和先行詞的人稱、數(shù)一致。例如：
I ，who am your friend ，will try my best to help you.我作為你的朋友會(huì)盡力幫助你的。
The astronauts who are reported to be very cheerful，are expected to land on the moon shortly.據(jù)說，那些興高采烈的宇航員們可望不久登上月球。
The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.保證減稅的政府將會(huì)得人心。
在"one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系分句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分詞中動(dòng)詞通常依照語法一致原則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。
Mr.Gilman is one of those men who appear to be friendly;however，it is hard to deal with him.吉爾曼先生屬于那些表面上對(duì)人友好的人;實(shí)際上很難和他打交道。
但如果在這類結(jié)構(gòu)之前有定冠詞 the或者有the only等限定詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系分詞動(dòng)詞形式依one而定，用單數(shù)。
例如：
Tom is the only one of the staff members who is going to be transferred.湯姆是工作人員中唯一將調(diào)動(dòng)工作的人。
He is the only one of those boys who was given a prize.他是這些孩子中唯一受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的人。
3.分裂句中的主謂一致
在分裂句中"It is......that/who一分句"中的動(dòng)詞形式通常依先行項(xiàng)而定。例如：
It is Jim who is going to do it.是吉姆去做這項(xiàng)工作。
It is I who am to blame.應(yīng)受責(zé)備的是我。
但在非正式語體中，此分裂句中心成分可用賓格代詞me，這時(shí)，隨后的 that一分句動(dòng)詞通常用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：
It is me that is to blame.
It is me that was injured in the accident.在事故中受傷的是我。
4.存在句中的主謂一致
在存在句中，謂語動(dòng)詞與其后面的主語一致。一般說來，主語是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也是用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：There is a big lake in the centre of the city.城市的中心有一個(gè)大湖。
There are three rooms left.還剩三間房。
當(dāng)用作主語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)是物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
例如：
There is bread and milk for breakfast.早餐有牛奶和面包。
There was singing and laughing in the opposite room.對(duì)門屋里有說有笑。
主謂一致關(guān)系對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說，掌握上有一定的困難，須多多練習(xí)。
