語法：“not”你真的會用嗎(上)
一 . not 的位置
1. not 可以置于 be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞及助動詞之后，構(gòu)成否定句。除了 am 和 not ， may 和 not 不能合寫之外，其余的一般都可以和 not 合寫。例如：
( 1 ) He is not ( isn’t ) a man to give things up easily.
他不是一個隨便放棄的人。
( 2 ) He can not ( cannot, can’t ) speak Chinese as well as Tom.
他的漢語沒有湯姆講得那么好。
( 3 ) You did not ( didn’t ) know how worried I was about you at that time.
你不知道那時我是多么地擔(dān)心你!
注： had better do sth, would rather do sth, would like to do sth. 和 be about to do sth. 的否定形式分別是 had better not do sth, would rather not do sth, would like not to do sth. 和 be about not to do sth ; used to 的否定形式是 usedn’t to 或 didn’t use to 。例如：
( 4 ) You’d better not eat too much chocolate, or you’ll get too fat.
你最好不要吃太多的巧克力，否則身體會發(fā)胖的。
( 5 ) I would rather not accept his present.
我寧愿不要他的禮物。
2. not 可以置于分詞、不定式和動名詞之前，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的否定形式。例如：
( 1 ) Not having received any reply from Tom, Mary decided to write to him again.
由于沒收到湯姆的回音，瑪麗決定再給他寫封信。
( 2 ) He kept silent over the matter in order not to lose his job.
他對這件事保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的這份工作。
( 3 ) She was very upset for not having been invited to the party.
她因沒有被邀請去參加晚會而感到很傷心。
3. not 的位置轉(zhuǎn)移：
( 1 )主句的主語是第一人稱 we 和 I ，謂語動詞是 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等時，常將其后賓語從句中的否定詞 not 前移至這些動詞之前。這種語法現(xiàn)象稱之為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：
① I don’t think the film is intended for children.
我覺得這部電影不適合兒童看。
② We don’t believe he stole money from the stop.
我們相信他不會偷那店鋪里的錢。
( 2 )若用“ It is / was … that …”去強調(diào) until 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，主句中又有否定詞 not ，則常將 not 和 until 放在一起加以強調(diào)。例如：
It was not until he told me that I had an idea about it.
直到他告訴我，我才明白這件事。
( 3 )當(dāng) not until, not only (… but also …)， not for a moment, not a single ……等位于句首時，有關(guān)分句的主語和謂語要倒裝。例如：
① Not only has he been to London but also he worked there for a time.
他不僅去過倫敦，而且還在那里工作過一段時間。
( not only 后面的分句中的主語和謂語倒裝， but also 后面分句中的主語和謂語不倒裝。)
② Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of your story.
他從來都沒懷疑過你的故事的真實性。
( 4 )“ don’t + 動詞原形”可以構(gòu)成祈使句的否定形式。若強調(diào)這種祈使句中的主語，則需在動詞原形前面加上主語(這時主語需要重讀)，也就是用“ don’t + 主語 + 動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
① Don’t make any noise.
請不要吵鬧。
② Don’t you make any noise.
請你不要吵鬧。
( 5 )“ Why not + 動詞原形”是“ Why don’t you + 動詞原形”的省略形式，表示建議或勸告。例如：
If you still haven’t made any final decision, why not go to our teacher for some advice?
要是你現(xiàn)在還沒有最后下定決心的話，那你為什么不去找老師征求意見呢?
