国产一二三四五路线-国产一级高清-国产一级毛片卡-国产一级毛片一区二区三区-中文字幕在线视频播放-中文字幕在线高清

您好!歡迎訪問忙推網! 字典 詞典 詩詞
首頁 教育 美文賞析:給生命定價

美文賞析:給生命定價

時間:2024-07-19 22:07:50 來源:網絡 作者:mrcsb 人氣:9048
【導讀】:COST OF LIVING”Your money or your life.” The choice traditionally presented by the highwayman is supposed to have only one sensible answer. Money is...

COST OF LIVING

”Your money or your life.” The choice traditionally presented by the highwayman is supposed to have only one sensible answer. Money is, after all, no use to a corpse. Yet economists often study something rather like the highwayman's offer in an attempt to uncover the answer to an important question: how much is your life actually worth?

Like many awkward questions, this is one that has to be answered. Safety regulations save lives but also raise the cost of doing business, a cost we all pay through higher prices. Are they worth it? Our taxes pay for life-saving spending on road safety and fire fighting. Are they high enough, or too high?

So how much are we willing to spend to save a life? A traditional planner's approach used to be to measure the value of wages lost due to death or injury. That's dreadful: it confuses what I think my life is worth with what my boss thinks my life is worth.

So an alternative is to ask people how much they would pay for a safer car or kitchen cleaner. But such surveys do not always produce sensible results. Our answers depend on whether we're being offered a safer ?10 household cleaner and then asked if we want the more dangerous ?5 version, or whether we're offered the ?5 brand and then asked if we'll pay ?10 for the safer product. People often answer ”no” to both questions, contradicting themselves. These inconsistencies mean that we're either irrational or lying to pollsters, and perhaps both.

Economists therefore tend to prefer observing real choices. If you're willing to cross a busy street to pick up a ?20 note, the economist who put it there can infer something about your willingness to accept risk. More orthodox approaches look at career choices: if you're willing to be a lumberjack, part of that decision is to accept risk in exchange for financial reward.

Being a soldier is risky; so is being a drug-dealer or prostitute. The difficulty, evidently, is to disentangle the health risk and the financial reward from all the other motivations to choose a particular way of life. That isn't easy but economists try.

World Bank economist Paul Gertler and his colleagues reckoned that Mexican prostitutes valued their lives at about $50,000 per year, based on willingness to take money not to use condoms. At five times their annual earnings, that's a similar figure to workers accepting risky jobs in rich countries.

There are anomalies. Steve Freakonomics Levitt and sociologist Sudhir Venkatesh calculated that Chicago drug dealers seemed to value their entire lives at $50,000 to $100,000 - low indeed, even for poor young men whose career choice indicates a taste for risks.

Whatever the frailties of these calculations, they are the best we have. And far from cheapening life, this sort of research often highlights just how valuable our safer, healthier modern lives really are. Kevin Murphy of the Chicago Graduate School of Business recently visited London to present his research on the value of health improvements in the US since 1970. They're vast - about $10 trillion in today's money. Looking further back, if you had to choose between the material progress of the 20th century and the improvements in health, it would be a toss-up. The health gains are as valuable as everything else put together. Encouragingly, health in most developing countries has improved faster than in rich ones, suggesting that global inequality is falling.

文章標簽:
    美文,賞析,給,生命,定價,amp,nbsp,COST,LIVING,COST
相關推薦

版權聲明:

1、本文系會員投稿或轉載自網絡,版權歸原作者所有,旨在傳遞信息,不代表看本站的觀點和立場;

2、本站僅提供信息展示,不承擔相關法律責任;

3、若侵犯您的版權或隱私,請聯系本站管理員刪除。

字典 詞典 成語 古詩 造句 英語
主站蜘蛛池模板: 91高端极品外围在线观看 | 免费看美女午夜大片 | 手机看片福利视频 | 九九黄色影院 | 国产亚洲欧美日韩国产片 | 亚洲男人的天堂视频 | 一本大道香蕉大vr在线吗视频 | 久久综合色播 | 久久精品视频3 | 国产精品三级手机在线观看 | 美女黄视频网站 | 亚洲免费在线播放 | 亚洲一区二区在线成人 | 日本高清在线精品一区二区三区 | 久久亚洲国产伦理 | 日本不卡一区二区三区在线观看 | 国产成人在线网址 | 最新亚洲人成网站在线影院 | 韩国免费毛片 | 天天摸天天爽视频69视频 | 国产成人一区二区视频在线观看 | 国产一级一级 | 国产丶欧美丶日韩丶不卡影视 | 在线观看亚洲国产 | 国产在线观看成人免费视频 | 黄色va视频| 一个人看的免费观看日本视频www | 国产免费黄色网址 | 欧美大狠狠大臿蕉香蕉大视频 | 欧美一级片在线播放 | 国产免费专区 | 最新在线精品国自拍视频 | 久久亚洲精品无码观看不卡 | 国产欧美日韩另类 | 成人在线免费视频 | 亚洲国产毛片 | 国产欧美一区二区精品久久久 | 中国一级毛片 | 国产成人精品免费久久久久 | 97在线视频观看 | 国产一区二区免费播放 |