主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)：
英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)與被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
e.g.
1.They make trains in Zhuzhou .
Trains are made in Zhuzhou.
2.The farmers grow cotton every year.
Cotton is grown by the farmers every year.
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞
動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則（與動詞過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則一樣）：
1、一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed，looked played
2、結(jié)尾是e的動詞加-d ， lived used
3、末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫
這個輔音字母，再加-ed， planned tripped
4、結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i” ， 再
加-ed ， study---studied， carry---carried
不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞要牢記
寫出下列動詞的過去式，過去分詞：
1、speak （spoke spoken）
2、use used used
3、make made made.
4、write wrote written
5、grow grew grown
6、plant planted planted
7、produce produced produced
8、ask asked asked
9、plan planned planned
10、send sent sent
11 、 build built built.
12、invite invited invited
(二)一般過去時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞
e.g 1、The bridge was built last year.
2、It was used in the old days.
3、The PRC was founded
on October1，1949.
(三)含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：
情態(tài)動詞（can/may/must/should）+be+及物動詞過去分詞
e.g 1、This bike can be repaired.
2、The tree must be put straight in the hole.
3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.
(四)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
(五)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
(六)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Tom is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →Trees are being planted over there by them.
主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟：
1、主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語；
2、主動句的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)；
3、主動句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞馁e語，由by 引出，當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動
作的執(zhí)行者時，常省略。
把下列的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的句子：
1、They speak English in Canada .(English….)
2、People use wood for making tables. （wood….）
3、The make computers in the USA.（Computers…）
4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice…）
使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個問題
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to
例：make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something →somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
6.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，賓補(bǔ)不變。
（1） 將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。
如：They call her Xiao Li. →She is called Xiao Li.
He left the door open. →The door war left open by him.
（2） make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help動詞后變做賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to，變?yōu)楸粍樱仨毤觮o .
如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.
→I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.
I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.
→She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night.
7)有些詞如want, need, require和 be worth后面， v-ing形式為主動，意義為被動。
如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.
The book is worth reading.
8)謂語動詞是以下時，無被動。
happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last（延長）,cost（花費(fèi)）
break out（爆發(fā)）appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）.
被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與SVC(動詞－ed形式作表語)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
被動語態(tài)表示動作，句子主語為動作的對象，SVC結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。被動結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)一般要與相應(yīng)的主動結(jié)構(gòu)一致。
下面把這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作一比較：
1、The library is usually closed at 6.圖書館通常六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(被動語態(tài))
The library is now closed.圖書館關(guān)門了。(SVC結(jié)構(gòu))
2、The bridge was completed in 1968.橋是1968年建成的。(被動語態(tài))
The bridge is completed.橋已修好。(SVC結(jié)構(gòu))
3、The glass was broken by my sister.玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。(被動語態(tài))
The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。(SVC結(jié)構(gòu))
